We came across a post on X claiming that very few scientific studies have examined the effect of eating microwaved food.
The microwave oven is a widely used kitchen appliance, valued for its convenience and versatility both globally and in Singapore. From reheating leftovers to baking quick desserts such as mug cakes (mini cakes baked in mugs in the microwave), its multifunctionality has made it a staple in many households.
Given its widespread use, we decided to take a closer look at the claim.
What are the concerns around microwave ovens?
We have observed several broad concerns around the use of microwave technology, including claims about harmful radiation from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in devices like AirPods and 5G technology – claims we have previously fact-checked.
One common misconception is that microwave ovens introduce radiation into food. Some holistic health practitioners, such as Barbara Charis, have even claimed that microwaving food “destroys almost all nutritional value”.
However, according to Healthhub Singapore – a national digital health platform that provides evidence-based health and wellness information – different cooking methods affect food in various ways. Regardless of the appliance used, whether a microwave or stove, factors such as heat and cooking time play a role in nutrient retention. Since microwave cooking is typically faster, it can actually help minimise nutrient loss. There is also no risk of radiation levels in food being affected by microwaves.
How do microwave ovens work?
Microwave ovens employ thermal heating by producing microwaves, a form of energy produced by a device called a magnetron. These microwaves reflect off the metal walls of the oven and are absorbed by the food. When absorbed, they cause water molecules in the food to vibrate, generating heat that cooks the food.
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, this process “does not make food ‘radioactive’ or ‘contaminated’.” Foods with higher water content, like fresh vegetables, cook faster because they absorb microwaves more efficiently.
Have studies been conducted on the effects of consuming microwaved food?
Contrary to the claim, numerous studies have examined the nutritional and safety aspects of consuming microwaved food.
One of the earliest and perhaps most notable studies on microwave technology was conducted by the University of Kansas City in the U.S. in 1982. Titled “The Effect of Microwaves on Nutrient Values in Food”, the study found “no significant nutritional differences” between food prepared using microwave ovens and conventional cooking methods. This conclusion was based on an analysis of key nutritional markers such as protein, carbohydrate, lipid, minerals, and vitamins.
More recent research supports these findings as well. A 2022 study conducted in China and published in Frontiers in Nutrition not only corroborated the earlier conclusions but also suggested that microwave technology could help prevent food and beverage contamination by enabling quick, low-heat sterilisation. Similarly, another 2022 study by Doctors from the Department of Paediatrics at Showa University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan, found that microwaving breast milk can be an effective method for preventing cytomegalovirus infection transmitted through human milk.
While there are concerns that microwaving may reduce certain nutrients or diminish the benefits of specific foods, such as the anti-inflammatory properties of broccoli, research suggests ways to counteract this. A 2019 study found that shorter cooking times in the microwave could help preserve nutritional content, making it a viable method for retaining nutrients in food.
Extensive research has also explored the use of microwave technology in industrial food preparation. A 2015 study conducted by a researcher from Washington State University in the U.S. and published in the Journal of Food Science provides an in-depth explanation of how microwaves can be used for short-time, in-package sterilisation and pasteurisation processes.
Precautions to take when microwaving food
One concern about using microwaves is that they may not be as effective at killing bacteria and other pathogens that can cause food poisoning. Another issue is the use of improper containers.
Both Healthhub Singapore and Singapore Food Agency warn that only microwave-safe containers should be used. Plastic containers without a microwave-safe label may melt, potentially causing chemicals to leach into food and lead to contamination of the food.
These agencies also recommend that when reheating food, we should ensure that the internal temperature reaches at least 75°C to effectively kill bacteria and minimise the risk of foodborne illness.
Hence, given the large number of studies conducted globally on the effects of microwaving food, we deem the claim that very few scientific studies have examined the impact of eating microwaved food to be false.
Why did the account post the same thing over and over again?
Upon reviewing the account that shared this claim, we found that it has repeatedly posted the same statement multiple times over the past few years, with each post garnering thousands of views.
The account has also consistently promoted alternative health remedies while challenging mainstream health advice, often pushing narratives that contradict established medical and scientific consensus, such as the safety of vaccines. By reinforcing controversial or unverified statements, the account likely aims to generate high engagement (likes, shares and comments) and attract followers who align with its perspective, further amplifying its reach and influence.
Such controversial posts often help build a large following, which can later be monetised through various means, including ads, affiliate marketing, sponsored content, or by promoting and selling products and services related to alternative health. The account has promoted various alternative health supplements, such as echinacea to boost the immune system, using the hashtag #ad which indicates that the post is an advertisement and that the account is being compensated for promoting the product. These monetisation strategies capitalise on the loyal audience built through sensational content, allowing the account to profit from its influence and the engagement generated by its controversial posts.
The repetition of controversial statements can also create the illusion of credibility, making it harder for users to distinguish between fact and fiction. Therefore, it is important to verify such information against trusted, evidence-based sources before making decisions that could impact health and well-being.
